Heart disease, the leading cause of death in the United States, is poorly understood by many, as indicated by a recent survey from The Ohio State University. The study, involving over 1,000 adults nationwide, revealed a lack of awareness about crucial personal risk factors for heart disease, such as blood pressure, ideal weight (BMI), cholesterol, and blood sugar levels.
Findings indicate that only 44% of respondents were aware of their BMI, with a mere 15% familiar with their blood sugar level. Less than half knew their blood pressure, and fewer than one in five were acquainted with their cholesterol levels. In contrast, nearly 70% could recall their childhood address, and 58% knew their best friend’s birthday.
Understanding one’s health metrics is fundamental for heart disease prevention, yet the survey highlights a significant gap in awareness. Jill Tirabassi, MD, clinical assistant professor of family medicine at the University at Buffalo, emphasizes that high blood pressure and cholesterol often lack noticeable symptoms, underlining the importance of learning and recognizing these indicators early on.
Address high BP, cholesterol with care?
Blood pressure and cholesterol, though distinct health metrics, often share similar initial treatment recommendations, according to Jennifer Wong, MD, a board-certified cardiologist and medical director at MemorialCare Heart and Vascular Institute. Emphasizing the significance of a heart-healthy diet and regular exercise, she notes that these lifestyle changes can effectively lower both blood pressure and cholesterol, consequently reducing cardiovascular risk.
In the context of elevated cholesterol levels, M. Wesley Milks, MD, an assistant professor of internal medicine at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, frequently advises incorporating regular physical activity and adopting a diet low in saturated fats and processed foods. His recommendations underscore the importance of including vegetables, plant oils, and fiber in the diet.
In the presence of high blood pressure, maintaining a regular exercise routine, adopting a healthy diet, and reducing sodium intake are suggested by Tirabassi. However, if blood pressure or cholesterol levels are notably elevated, medications may become necessary.
The decision to use medications depends on specific numerical thresholds, as explained by Wong. If systolic blood pressure exceeds 130–139 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure surpasses 80–89 mmHg, despite efforts such as weight loss, dietary changes, and increased physical activity, doctors might recommend medications
Pharmaceutical options such as diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and ACE inhibitors are among the recommended medications.
In the case of elevated cholesterol, statins are commonly prescribed as the primary medication.
How to check blood pressure and cholesterol?
Blood pressure readings can be obtained in a medical setting or using home monitoring devices equipped with a cuff and gauge.
To ensure a more accurate reading when taking blood pressure at home, certain guidelines should be followed. It is recommended to stay seated in a chair with proper support for a minimum of five minutes, ensuring that both feet are planted flat on the ground and legs are not crossed. The cuff should not be fastened over clothing. Additionally, it’s crucial not to consume food or beverages for 30 minutes before the measurement and to maintain a consistent time for daily blood pressure checks.
While home cholesterol kits involving blood samples are available, medical professionals recommend cholesterol checks through blood tests conducted by healthcare providers.
For individuals without underlying health conditions, Milks suggests an annual check of both cholesterol and blood pressure. Regular monitoring contributes to proactive health management.
